Locke essays

Hobbes/Locke expositions To Thomas Hobbes, as noted especially in Levithan, mankind didn't rank profoundly. Truth be told, he stated, most people are awful, brutish and short. The world is where the circumstance is in every case near a period of war. All men are an adversary to each other man and have no more security and wellbeing than what they have by their own quality and creation. In such a circumstance, by what means can there by any industry, since the result is dubious: and thus no culture of the earth; no route, nor utilization of the products that might be imported via ocean; no large structure; no instruments of moving and expelling such things as require a lot of power; no information on the face of the earth; no record of time; no expressions; no letters; no general public; and which is to top it all off, consistent dread, and peril of brutal demise. The objective, of man, consequently is prompt satisfaction for self-thought. Hobbes exhibited that pride was one of the first and enduring negative qualities of people through the title of this work: According to the Book of Job (41:34) of the Old Testament of the Bible, the Leviathan is the Lords animal that is set over the offspring of pride. In light of this, Hobbes considered the To be as a fake being created by the Specialty of man, whose business is the security of the federation. Hence, as per Hobbes, man supplanted God; pride was an issue of wellbeing, not profanity. Hobbes didn't perceive pride as a common defiance contrary to God's standard, essentially on the grounds that there was no such principle. Nature, the Art whereby God hath made and administers the World, gave mankind no positive bearings or objectives: For there is no such finis ultimus (most extreme point) nor best (most prominent great) as is talked about in the books of the old good thinkers. Further, no man can live whose wants are at an end than he whose faculties and minds are at a stand. It is this pride was keeps an eye on do... <!

Free Essays on Benjamin Banneker Synopsis

African American History: Benjamin Banneker Benjamin Banneker was an African-American brought into the world 1731 in Baltimore County; in tidewater Maryland. Banneker lived in Maryland for pretty much his entire whole life. On the western side of the Chesapeake Bay. He originates from a slave foundation simply like numerous other African Americans around then. His mom Mary who wedded his dad a Negro named Robert in 1730. Benjamin Banneker was one of the most astute mathematician and stargazers to ever live. Banneker isn't just a huge individual to Africans yet too mankind period; he accomplish such a great amount with pretty much nothing and ought to be seen as a saint for each ethnic foundation. Benjamin Banneker was brought up in a slave express; the Chesapeake Bay was a few spots were the dealers would empty slaves. The slaves would later be scatter in the slave showcase; where they would later be disseminated among the ranches. Subjugation was extremely substantial in Baltimore since there were numerous tobacco manors and they need the slave work to cultivate the tobacco fields. In Maryland there were extremely more obligated hirelings than slaves; it was increasingly similar to an understanding between transport experts and individuals living in neediness in England. All together for the individuals living in poor urban communities to bear to pay for their transportation to America they would consent to be a hirelings to the individual paying for their transportation for a specific measure of years. Baltimore had passed a correction which expressed that all together for a slave or hireling to be outside the ten miles the sweep of the slave proprietors houses; they would need to be conceded a letter marked by the slave Proprietor. Djoukeng 2 Benjamin Banneker was a tobacco grower; his mom Mary was the most established girl out Of the Molly’s Brood family unit. She was the main youngster out her family to leave the family. In contrast to m... Free Essays on Benjamin Banneker Synopsis Free Essays on Benjamin Banneker Synopsis African American History: Benjamin Banneker Benjamin Banneker was an African-American brought into the world 1731 in Baltimore County; in tidewater Maryland. Banneker lived in Maryland for pretty much his entire whole life. On the western side of the Chesapeake Bay. He originates from a slave foundation simply like numerous other African Americans around then. His mom Mary who wedded his dad a Negro named Robert in 1730. Benjamin Banneker was one of the most shrewd mathematician and space experts to ever live. Banneker isn't just a huge individual to Africans however too mankind period; he accomplish such a great amount with close to nothing and ought to be seen as a legend for each ethnic foundation. Benjamin Banneker was brought up in a slave express; the Chesapeake Bay was a few spots were the vendors would empty slaves. The slaves would later be scatter in the slave advertise; where they would later be conveyed among the ranches. Bondage was extremely substantial in Baltimore since there were numerous tobacco ranches and they need the slave work to cultivate the tobacco fields. In Maryland there were extremely more obligated workers than slaves; it was increasingly similar to an understanding between transport experts and individuals living in destitution in England. All together for the individuals living in poor urban areas to stand to pay for their transportation to America they would consent to be a workers to the individual paying for their transportation for a specific measure of years. Baltimore had passed an alteration which expressed that all together for a slave or worker to be outside the ten miles the sweep of the slave proprietors houses; they would need to be allowed a letter marked by the slave Proprietor. Djoukeng 2 Benjamin Banneker was a tobacco grower; his mom Mary was the most established little girl out Of the Molly’s Brood family. She was the main youngster out her family to leave the family. In contrast to m...

American Colonies free essay sample

The American Revolution can be considered as the most significant occasion inside American history. Through this occasion, an assortment of settlements changed themselves into a bound together government and society, one that set out on the longest and best exhibition of vote based system in world history. During the eighteenth century, England and France were entangled in a progression of wars that were at last intended to set up either as the predominant European power. The initial three wars had no obvious effect on the settlements, yet the last war †the French and Indian War †would prompt a tremendous change in the connection between the provinces and England. During the early long periods of the war, before 1758, the settlers kept exchanging with the French while declining to contribute cash to the British war exertion. The principal issue was fathomed through the endeavors of the William Pitt, Prime Minister of England. He offered to repay the last for part of any war costs they brought about in the interest of England. We will compose a custom exposition test on American Colonies or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The subsequent issue settled itself through triumphs the English had in Canada and the Caribbean. Tragically, the English didn't understand that their war approaches would wind up placing their domain in extreme obligation. When it was acknowledged, in any case, it opened the entryway for change programs that would eventually push the American settlements to look for autonomy from England. Following William Pitt as Prime Minister were a few men, every one of whom attempted to implement severe laws on the American settlements with the objectives of recharging the English treasury and restoring English authority over the provinces. The first of these men was George Grenville, who became Prime Minister following William Pitt. Grenville surveyed the circumstance in the accompanying way: the provinces had an incredibly light taxation rate when contrasted with that being suffered by the English; thusly, it would be intelligent for the prosperous settlements to partake in the costs that had been piled on attempting to safeguard and ensure them. Grenville further found how careless the imperial traditions administration in the American settlements was. This, joined with the requirement for England to renew its treasury, lead to the execution of a few demonstrations that would meet with regularly expanding outrage and dissent with respect to the American homesteaders. Initially, Grenville made sure that the Navigation Acts that had been disregarded for such a long time were currently executed to the last letter. Next was the entry of the Sugar Act in 1764, which put new assessments on imported products, for example, wine, materials, espresso, indigo, and sugar. The objective behind this specific assessment was to acquire enough cash to balance the costs of â€Å"defending, ensuring and securing† (Shi Tindall, 2007) the provinces. Following the Sugar Act was the Currency Act of 1764, which shut down the settlements printing their own paper cash. Following the usage of the Sugar Act was the Stamp Act of 1765. This demonstration expressed that all written word inside the provinces needed to had an income stamp on them. The last demonstration actualized by Grenville was the Quartering Act, which applied to all states, yet most truly influenced New York. It necessitated that officers of the British armed force be given housing inside the homes of any pilgrim family at some random time. In the psyches of the homesteaders, all these different demonstrations encroached on their privileges. They firmly accepted that England reserved no option to burden them if the settlers included no portrayal inside the English Parliament. In this way, each demonstration that was passed was met with incredible dissent and shock inside the states. In the end, the trademark that could be heard all through the provinces was: â€Å"No tax assessment without representation† (Shi Tindall, 2007). The shock over the different demonstrations, especially the Sugar and Stamp Acts, at last prompted the defeat of Grenville, and the nullification of these two hostile acts. In any case, Grenville’s replacement went down a similar way in passing the Townshend Acts. These laws were planned to bring the provinces, especially New York, to heel. Rather, they just expanded frontier hatred and opposition. However, the degree of hatred and opposition fluctuated among the pioneers. John Adams expressed during the primary Continental Congress that, as to where the pioneers remained on freedom, 33% were for autonomy, 33% were against freedom, and the last third were unsure. Adams was incredibly exact in this announcement. From the beginning, there had been a select gathering of pioneers that fomented for sure fire freedom because of the manner in which Parliament and England treated them. Similarly as determined were a gathering who accepted that the provinces owed everything to England, and along these lines, couldn't consider breaking to be from England as something worth being thankful for. At long last, there was the gathering who couldn't choose in any case. Like every single unsure gathering, they could see admirable statements on each side of the issue, however couldn't settle on an authoritative decision. Eventually, one of the main factors that revitalized all the pilgrims to endorse picking up freedom from England was Thomas Paine’s Common Sense. In this pamplet, Paine sketched out focuses that most of the settlers concurred with. He didn't simply assault Parliament, yet additionally the idea of government. For Paine, the duty regarding the difficulties in the settlements didn't simply lay at the feet of Parliament, yet additionally at the feet of King George III himself. Paine utilized his flyer to introduce the accompanying end: â€Å"Americans ought to counsel their own advantages, relinquish George III, and pronounce their independence† (Shi Tindall, 2007). Another angle that brought together most of American homesteaders in looking for autonomy was the flare-up of war in Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts. These two fights happened before a conventional break with England had been articulated. The way that English troopers would endeavor to start fighting with the pilgrims before they had even totally settled on splitting endlessly from England was all that anyone could need proof that England didn't have any thought for the frontier perspective. In this manner, the conventional break England thought could never happen occurred by means of the composition and broadcasting of the Declaration of Independence in July of 1776. In general, the American Revolution happened for one explanation: it was the ideal time and second to set up nation that governed in a way totally not quite the same as the standard of government. A considerable lot of those viewing the Revolution unfurl trusted it was simply an investigation in the misinformed idea of majority rules system that would at last come up short. However, that it didn't come up short is a demonstration of the difficult work of and consistent talking about and bantering of the issues by the settlers. They took what they felt was best from monarchical government and adjusted it to fit into another, law based type of government and society, one in which all occupants of that society would have a state in the administering of that society. This is the inheritance of the American Revolution: the capacity of Americans to use the popularity based procedure in administering of America. Shi, David Emory and Tindall, George Brown. America: A Brief Narrative History- Volume One. New York: W.W. Norton Company, 2007.

Proulx’s Brokeback Mountain and Lee’s Film Adaptation Reconstructing the Myth of the Cowboy in the American West - Literature Essay Samples

Brokeback Mountain is a short story by Annie Proulx that touches upon social issues such as intolerance and gender stereotypes in the American West. Using the beauty but also the vast wilderness of the landscape of the American west and the stereotype of the cowboy, she subverts this romanticized image by exposing the great psychological and physical violence towards those who are different, something that although milder than it was in the past, is still an issue. In order to achieve the above, Proulx makes a very significant and meaningful choice of both the setting of the short story but also of the stereotype that her two main characters represent. The setting and its connotations are also highlighted in the film adaptation with the same title by Ang Lee (2005). The story is set in Wyoming which is a state that is closely associated with the American frontier and manifest destiny that hold a great significance for the American national identity and the westward expansion, all emb odied in the stereotypical and even mythical image of the cowboy. As OConnor and Rollins point out, â€Å"indeed, throughout its history, American culture would be almost unimaginable without the West as a touchstone of national identity† (2). The idea of the frontier highlights the distinctive American characteristic of Man facing a vast and hostile nature but yet managing to survive through hard work, thriving and expanding against all difficulties, it is a tale of conquest, but also one of survival, persistence, and the merging of peoples and cultures that gave birth and continuing life to America. (Hine 10) It thus comes naturally that the people inhabiting this wild environment would learn to resemble it in traits and characteristics and be themselves tough, rough mannered, self-sufficient people capable of ‘getting the work done’ in order to survive, placing their faith in God and his plan as the first Puritan settlers did, finding order and organization through strict morality and rigid patriarchy. As the historian Turner indicates, in the American West â€Å"complex society is precipitated by the wilderness into a kind of primitive organization based on the family. The tendency is anti-social. It produces antipathy to control, and particularly to any direct control† (82). These characteristics are also those that are associated with the stereotype of the cowboy, â€Å"the great Western myth† (Asquith 78) that is historically tied with the state of Wyoming and as Nicholas points out, â€Å"the 1892 Johnson County war was, in many ways, a conflict over what kind of story Wyoming would tell about itself. In the years after the war, the booster, prosettlement narrative coexisted with that of the rugged individualist. However, it was the latter image, symbolized by the cowboy that would become ascendant in the state’s portrayal of itself (xiii). Wyoming then and the stereotype of the cowboy are used by Proulx in order to be criticized and subverted, presented as embodying a socially hostile environment that supresses people and takes a psychological toll on them. Both Ennis and Jack were â€Å"high school dropout country boys with no prospects, brought up to hard work and privation, both rough-mannered, rough-spoken, inured to the stoic life† (254). It is also significant that the film is subversive towards its own genre. The film industry played a very crucial role in the formation of the stereotype of the cowboy and the idyllic albeit violent west. As OConnor and Rollins point out, â€Å"troughout our cultural history, Americans have been in awe of their frontier experience, and it has been rendered to comment on vital national issues, which it actually may have helped shape† (4). It is thus evident that for a film to portray two cowboys that are the opposite of the male gender identity of the west is very su bversive and revolutionary and it comments on â€Å"the need to redefine the concept of the frontier in professional histories and in the public imagination (OConnor and Rollins 262). Proulx got the idea for her story when she saw a man sitting alone in a bar and he seemed lonely and as though he was missing someone, â€Å"there was something in his expression, a kind of bitter longing which provided the germ for Ennis del Mar† (qtd. in Asquith 109). The other incident that inspired her was a week later when again in a bar she overheard the owner talking about a homosexual and how he was lucky that everyone was preoccupied with a tournament at the time, otherwise, â€Å"things would have gone badly†. After that, â€Å"she began to consider what it would have been like for any ill-informed, confused, not-sure-of-what-he-was-feeling youth growing up in rural Wyoming (qtd. in Asquith 77). Even though at first she was reluctant about her story’s adaptation by Ang Lee because she was afraid that he wouldn’t understand the complexity of her setting, after she saw the premier she admitted that her story â€Å"was not mangled but enlarged into huge and gripping imagery that rattled minds and squeezed hearts† (qtd. in Asquith 77). For Ennis and Jack, Brokeback Mountain is a safe haven away from the prejudiced society that they could never face because they themselves shared the same social taboos thus never being able to make the most important step towards changing the mind of the community, that is, accepting who they are and loving themselves. Being brought up with the strict values of an intolerant society by fathers that provided an unfulfilling and unloving parenting to their children, the only place they could feel free expressing themselves was nature. Up in the mountains they felt like what they did and felt was natural because there was no one else there to judge them, â€Å"in the splendour and marginality of the untamed American landscape a freedom for male love to express itself away from social condemnation that† as Proulx has suggested, â€Å"enables them to challenge the gods, or, more prosaically, to defy both social convention and internal quibbles† (Asquith 80-81). This sense of nature being outside the social sphere and the eyes of the community turns out to be an illusion since the characters cannot escape the deep-rooted intolerance in the gaze of the community symbolized by â€Å"Aguirre, whose surveillance provides a constant reminder of social taboos (Asquith 82). The society seems to have a silent fear towards homosexuality, and apart from the violence that is narrated, the judgement is always in the gaze of the community and not manifested in speech, making it thus more ominous and dark. Aguirre doesn’t say anything to Ennis and Jack and neither does Alma to her husband after the scene where â€Å"easily as the right key turns the lock tumblers, their mouths came together, [†¦] and Alma looking out for a few seconds at Enniss straining shoulders [†¦] shutting the door again† (263-264). This ominously inarticulate fear is also evident in Lureen’s â€Å"level voice† (277) that was â€Å"cold as snow† (278) and in Jack’s father who again â€Å"sat silent [†¦] staring at Ennis with an angry, knowing expression (279) As Reumann suggests, â€Å"an elaborate system of fears regarding same-sex love pervaded the national culture and structured social relations† and he as he implies, â€Å"Americans’ violent repudiation of homosexuality hid a secret attraction† (191). Whether that interpretation is far-fetched or valid is debatable but one thing is for sure, that such a deep-rooted hatred that can l ead to brutal acts of violence, cold-blood murder and torture cannot be something other than deep-rooted fear of the Other, of the different that could be a menace to homogeneity and the social status quo. That is probably the reason she chose this particular setting and as Asquith has noted: She decided to set the story in the early 1960s, presumably because such rural homophobia stood in stark contrast to the universal liberation sweeping the country’s cities, and also because Ennis and Jack would have grown up in the repressive 1950s. It was important for Proulx that they were clearly homophobic themselves, especially Ennis, and that they wanted to be cowboys – part of the great Western myth (78) The film has a great emphasis on the vastness of the western landscape and the untameable nature through the long scenes of the endless skies and horizons to highlight the impact of such a society on the individual. The reason that this image of the natural environment is s o significant is because it is constantly contrasted with the inner selves of the characters that seem to be restricted and painfully inarticulate. When the outer world seems to explode, the inner self implodes violently due to the emotions that have to be restrained and suppressed. This destructive force of inarticulate emotions is manifested in the scene where the characters part and Ennis has a physical reaction against what he considers shameful unnatural: Within a mile Ennis felt like someone was pulling his guts out hand over hand a yard at a time. He stopped at the side of the road and, in the whirling new snow, tried to puke but nothing came up. He felt about as bad as he ever had and it took a long time for the feeling to wear off (262). Only after Jack is dead can Ennis finally dream and be happy: â€Å"he is suffused with a sense of pleasure because Jack Twist was in his dream† (253). He is free to finally admit to himself his deep love without the guilt and the fear that he may be carried away by his feelings and end up dead himself: â€Å"we do that in the wrong place well be dead. Theres no reins on this on e. It scares the piss out a me† (268). Within the context of the strict western community, Ennis’ fear of expression seems more like a survival instinct caused by his upbringing that end up being justified by Jack’s death that he suspects to resemble the homosexual’s that his father had forced him to witness when he was a child: â€Å"they got him with the tire iron† (277). The blame seems to be put on the community for the story’s bitter ending and the scene that highlights that is in the white and cold Puritan house of Jack that their love symbolized by the two embracing shirts is forced to stay closeted. Works Cited Asquith, Mark. Annie Proulxs Brokeback Mountain and Postcards. London: Continuum, 2009. Print. Brokeback Mountain. Dir. Ang Lee. Prod. Diana Ossana and James Schamus. By Diana Ossana and Larry McMurtry. Perf. Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal. Universal Home Entertainment, 2005. DVD. Hine, Robert V., and John Mack Faragher. The American West: A New Interpretive History. New Haven, CT: Yale UP, 2000. Print. Nicholas, Liza. Becoming Western: Stories of Culture and Identity in the Cowboy State. Lincoln: U of Nebraska, 2006. Print. OConnor, John E., and Peter C. Rollins. Hollywoods West: The American Frontier in Film, Television, and History. Lexington: U of Kentucky, 2005. Print. Proulx, Annie. Close Range: Wyoming Stories. New York, NY: Scribner, 1999. Print. Reumann, Miriam G. American Sexual Character: Sex, Gender, and National Identity in the Kinsey Reports. Berkeley: U of California, 2005. Print. Turner, Frederick Jackson, and Martin Ridge. History, Frontier, and Section: Three Essa ys. Albuquerque: U of New Mexico, 1993. Print.

Public Sector Budgeting - City of Long Beach, California Assignment

Essays on Public Sector Budgeting - City of Long Beach, California Assignment What is the budget process at the of Long Beach, California that is surprising It is quite surprising that after the city manager has proposed the budget, it has to be verified by the mayor, who then proposes changes in the budget if there is any. The budget after release is reviewed by the city council, which takes a maximum of 45 days. Finally, the mayor will have a period of five days to make final changes. The Long Beach budget has many processes before it is finally adopted. 2. Steps in the budget process that are noteworthy The mayor is going through the budget after the city manager has proposed it to be practical. The mayor understands what the locals are missing and what should be improved or removed from the budget. It is, therefore, an advantage on the side of ordinary people. The budget being subdued to long processes before it is adopted is beneficial. This is because by going through long verifications, it prevents hasty decisions being made that may affect people negatively. 3. How to strengthen the overall budget process as a public administrator As a future public administrator, I will make it my priority to employ only people who understand the value of a dollar. This is by only letting people with the knowledge in accounts handle the budget (Erie, 2004); by doing this, no money will be left unaccounted for and every single penny will be put in use. 4. Categories that account for the most of public expenditures, and the City of Long Beach expenditure and the skills that administrators need to manage this category In the categories of public expenditure, the category of public education accounts for the most of the public budget. For the City of Long Beach, health and welfare category accounts for the most of its budget. For administrators to manage the health and welfare category, they need to have knowledge of how the category affects individuals, and the areas that can be improved if there is enough money. 5. Major revenue sources in the public budget of the City of Long Beach, California, and skills administrators need to manage the resources. The sources of revenue in the City of Long Beach are (Lee, Johnson, Joyce, 2004): levy taxes paid by tourists who visit the city’s beaches, Levies paid on imports and exports Tax deducted from public workers salaries. For administrators to manage these funds, they need to know the amount lost or gained by the government. Administrators should know the measures to take in case the amount of money gained by the government relapses. The administration should be made of individuals who are not corrupt to prevent cash embezzlement. 6. General skills one can gain from a public sector budgeting course Not everyone is a good planner when it comes to budgeting. Taking a budgeting course enables one to learn how to spend money wisely and how to avoid being an over spender. A budgeting course helps people know what should be their most priority when budgeting and what should be their least priority. 7. Skills one can take back to the working place from a public sector budgeting course In a work environment, there are different people. There are the groups that are aware of how to be wise spenders, and their counterparts who are clueless. Having some knowledge in budgeting enables one to assist his or her acquaintances in managing their incomes (Kanters, 2003). One can start by teaching one person in the office environment; as time goes by, others will be interested and then the idea can be implemented. This is if the majority at the work place supports the idea. 8. Identify at least one budget area that one should gain some additional hands on experience in order to be a better public administrator and how one can gain experience This will be the area of allocation of funds, which enables one as a public administrator to know where funds are needed to be allocated most. This can be attained through taking courses in accounts. 9. Public area budgeting issues of the City of Long Beach, California and ideas to manage these issues The budget on education is adversely affected every year. To help culminate this, the public revenue should prioritize public education funds before seeking to attend to any other public area. 10. Redevelopment has been important in the City of Long Beach, California, discuss the particular issues affecting the city as a result of the elimination of redevelopment agencies and how this will affect the processing of the integrating of the budgets for the city The City of Long Beach faces the challenge of scarce resources, and some public employees had to be laid off because they could not be paid. These challenges will affect the integrating of the budget because the budget will not be able to cover all the needed areas. Learning in schools will be interfered with as some lessons will have to be cut off from the curriculum. References Erie, S. P. (2004). Globalizing L.A: Trade, infrastructure, and regional development. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press. Kanter, R. M. (2003). Rosabeth Moss Kanter on the frontiers of management. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School. Lee, R. D., Johnson, R. W., Joyce, P. G. (2004). Public budgeting systems. Boston, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

The Fast Food Industry of Australia-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a reflection on the research work done on impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Franchise on the Fast Food Industry of Australia. Answer: Introduction This paper presents a reflection on the research work done on impact of foreign direct investment and franchise on the fast food industry of Australia. Learning experience in the research studies facilitates growth of knowledge in course programme as well as in real life. All the sub parts of the research paper teach different aspects such as knowledge over multiple subjects, data collection and data analysis methods. Research process increases self-confidence of the learner. Learning experiences in the entire research method is described in the paper. Evaluation of the learning experiences The learning experiences I have achieved in my course is enriched with new experiences. I have invested both time and for the learning, which has intangible values. Those values are helpful in my future learning and career growth. Several tools and techniques have been used. I have learnt the research process, research gaps those may arise at the time data collection and analysis. During the course, I have done literature review and research proposal, which is the small outline of the research paper. I have learnt how to start a research paper and its proceedings and how to approach towards research outcome. Data collection method is seemed to be the most interesting part of the research as this is the practical part where I have to apply my knowledge acquired in the literature review chapter. Self evaluation is a key aspect to improve the research outcome (Myers 2013). Usefulness of the learning experiences The research proposal has been prepared based on the franchising in food sector of Australia. The literature review section has explained the significance of the foreign direct investment and the nature, trend of the Australian food market. Literature review helps the research to move forward (Polonsky and Waller 2014). This section is necessary for enhancement of understanding regarding key variables. This factual analysis also enhances critical review skill as different scholarly literatures have been studied in this section. Review of literatures identified the research method used in previous literature, which is helpful for current study. Reviewing articles, I have understood which methods I need to apply in my study along with my ability and limitations. Research proposal is the outline of the research along with research objectives and hypothesis. Therefore, research proposal evaluates the feasibility of the research (Mena-Marcos, Garca-Rodrguez and Tillema 2013). The time line presented in the proposal provides an idea about the time and expense of the research. It also analyses how the present research can be helpful for the society or education field. This study is useful for future career as I can relate the learning with practical scenario. In the learning process my analytical skill has developed significantly, which is not only useful in my current course, but also for higher studies. Details of the learning process I have started the research proposal with literature review. I have reviewed the literatures, which have examined the effect of franchising in business, market competition, internal and external factors affecting the food sector. Effect of foreign direct investment, role of multinational corporations have also highlighted in this section. Research questions have been developed from the knowledge of literature review. In order to conduct the entire study, online sources have been used. Business websites, government official websites to study legal requirements for franchising and online newspaper have been used. I have heard lectures of professor and online videos on FDI and franchising, observed market statistics to gather knowledge. Evaluation of the observation and learning In the literature review section, I have gained knowledge of benefits of business research. A cost effective research is helpful for the long-term success of the start up, medium size or large business. I have come to know the legal requirements that a franchise needs to follow. Company looks for information regarding customers, market trends or competitors. Internal and external strength, weaknesses are important factors for the success of the business (Horn 2012). Research methodology is the important part of the proposal, which covers entire process and methods of the research. In my research proposal, I have chosen descriptive research design. Although descriptive, both qualitative and quantitative research method have been mentioned to be applied later. Both primary data and secondary data will be required for the study. I have gained an idea about how to conduct the primary research. Development of questionnaire, method of interview, sampling techniques all are part of primary research. Interview is mostly effective for the qualitative study, where the research needs to apply own understanding, problem solving skill to explore the result. I have divided the research strategies into primary and secondary data analysis. Quantitative research has been designed for from primary data and qualitative analysis has been designed from secondary data. Secondary data that are needed for the research is market competitors, trends, amount of FDI in the country and in the food sector of Australia. I have designed open ended questions. However, this is a limitation of my research proposal. Close-ended questions would be most helpful for quantitative study, where I can use sampling techniques effectively along with statistical data analysis tools. Explanation of the learning process While doing the research plan, I have observed some limitation of the study. Both cost and time are major constraints for the study at the student level. Primary data collection through survey and using questionnaire is complex for a student. Due to time contrasts, it is not possible to conduct the research directly on the field. Hence, I have decided to carry out the research online, which is more feasible. Interview to the franchise in the Australian food market would be effective for the present research. It is not possible to provide enough time to more than 3 franchises within the time frame. Therefore, there is possibility of the sampling error. I have studied different methods of qualitative and quantitative data analysis procedure, which is very helpful for my future study. I had little knowledge over statistical analysis and its application. The knowledge has increased while reviewing literatures. I have learnt to analyse hypothesis and their acceptance, rejection criteria. I have experienced two distinct view of the project, one as a student and one as a researcher. As a student, I had to perform the task weekly. The task of researcher is more challenging. The first challenge I faced during formulating research questions. Research questions are crucial part to proceed with the final solution. Right research questions direct towards right findings (Dean et al. 2012). I now understand that the best research questions are those, researcher does not have any answers. Answers are obtained at the end of the data analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative studies direct towards robust results. Application of learning Learning experience is effective for my future business studies. I want to work as an business analytics or market researcher, which requires strong problem solving and decision making skill, good statistical knowledge exploratory skills. Presentation of report is essential skill for a researcher. As I have learnt various aspects of research, I am now confident to apply theses knowledge in my future study and career. I have studied the legal aspects for business and ethical issues, while conducting the research. All these skills are helpful in personal and professional development. The research limitations teach how to improve the outcome of future research. I will try to overcome those limitations during real life research. Project plan that is Gantt chart presents an expected timeline, from where I can get an insight of total time required to complete each task, resources and the projected expense. I have learnt time management, which is crucial not only for student life but also f or my entire life. Conclusion This reflection analysis highlights the learning experiences on literature review and research proposal. My thoughts on research process have changed over the last few weeks. As a part of my degree course, I have conducted a research proposal, where literature review is a part. At the initial stage, I had little knowledge over the writing style of a research proposal. However, I started the proposal by a designed based study. Later I learnt that mere description of the study could not lead to the desired outcome. As per advice of my supervisor and literature review section have helped to design an exploratory study. I have developed research questions after studying few articles on methodology. I can conclude that along with development of knowledge in different areas of my subjects, I have learnt several cognitive skills such as decision-making skill, patients, time management and resource management. These skills are essential for future development. References Dean, B.A., Sykes, C., Agostinho, S. and Clements, M., 2012. Reflective assessment in work-integrated learning: To structure or not to structure, that was our question. Horn, R., 2012.Researching and writing dissertations: A complete guide for business and management students. Kogan Page Publishers. Mena-Marcos, J., Garca-Rodrguez, M.L. and Tillema, H., 2013. Student teacher reflective writing: what does it reveal?.European Journal of Teacher Education,36(2), pp.147-163. Myers, M.D., 2013.Qualitative research in business and management. Sage. Polonsky, M.J. and Waller, D.S., 2014.Designing and managing a research project: A business student's guide. Sage Publications.

How to Get the Best PhD Research Proposal Writing Service

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